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vi. LEIGHTON 


Bulletin No. 78 June 12, 1923. 


9, 6S /y: COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 
Sul 76 | mec re ey itt 


= 


DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL APPAIRS 
James F, Woodward, Secretary 


— 


BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGIC SURVEY 
George H. Ashley, State Geologist 


GAS IN LEIDY TOWNSHIP, CLINTON COUNTY, PENNA. 
3y 


Meredith E. Johnson 


Introduction, In the past twelve months, the Clinton Natural 
Gas & Oil Company of Renovo, Pa., has demonstrated that gas exists 
in commercial quantities in Leidy township, Clinton County. To 
determine something of the structure and stratigraphy and to get 
light on future developments, the author visited this newly developed 
rieid in the latter part of April, 1923. 


Leidy township in the northwest corner of Clinton County is in 
a sparsely populated region of high, flat-topped wooded hilis and 
narrow, deep valleys. Kettle Creek is the only stream of any 
importance in the township and most of the population lives along the 
banks of this stream. No railroads traverse the township and all 
supplies have to be brought in by wagon or motor-truck from Westport, 
the nearest station on the Pennsylvania Railroad. The main roac 
(along the valley of Kettle Creek) in dry weather is hard and easily 
traveled, but in winter or after heavy rains transportation is 4 
problen,. 

and 
The massive Pottsville conglomerate caps most of the hills/as the 


dip of the strata is low, the hilltops are flat and at about the same 
elevation, 


No topographic map has as yet been made of this district, the 
only maps available being inaccurate or on too smali a scale to permi’ 
maxing exact locations. It is to be hoped that funds will be avail- 
able soon for the continuation on a larger scale of the topographic 
mapping of this State. The map contained in this report is based 
upon one prepared by the State Department of Forestry for its own use, 


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Stratigraphy. A fairly complete section extending from the top 
of the Pottsville formation to the midcle of the Pocono, is exposed on 
the steep hill slope back (northeast) of Renovo, At this point the 
following section was measured: 


Pottsville conglomerate ~ - - ---+-+-+-+=-- 200 ft. 
Mauch Chunk red shales (and concealed) -- 77 ft. 
Pocono sandstone and shale - - - - = += = = 550 £t, 


The Pottsville conglomerate as exposed here is very hard and 
massive and consists of gray to white grains and small pebbles of 
quartz. In the sunlight the quartz grains sparkle in such a manner 
as to readily distinguish it even at a distance from all other fornma- 
tions outcropping in this region. 


The Mauch Chunk formation is indicated only by a red, clay soil, 
the rogk not being exposed. It was impossible to determine how much 
of the 77 foot measured interval actually consists of red shale. 


The Pocono formation consists chiefly of a fine to medium grained, 
yellowish. sandstone often having a faint greenish tint, Some shale is 
interbedded with the sandstone, and in the lower part of the section 
two thin, red shale bands are exposed. These bands are lenticular and 
occur between beds of yellowish, cross-bedded sandstone, 


All the gas -wells-on Kettle Creek start near the base of the 
Pocono formation, pass through the Catskill, and bottom in the Chemung. 
The gas comes from a horizon corresponding to that of the Clarendon 
Sand of Warren County, 


Structure, Renovo is near the center of a broad syncline, called 
the Karthaus-Renovo* syncline. The axis of this syncline almost 
parallels the course of the West Branch of Susquehanna River and in . 
general has a N. 60° BE, trend, In traveling up Kettle Creek one 
novices a steady southeast dip of two or three degrees until Spicewood 
fun is reached. A few hundred feet farther, at McCoy's Run, there is 
& pronounced dip to the northwest. Evidently’the axis of an anticline, 
which we will call the Kettle Creek anticline, passes between these 
two runs - probably quite near to Spicewood Run. The trend of the 
Kettle Creek anticline as plotted from dips observed in the field, is 
Shown in figure 1. This map also shows the location of all wells 
drilled in the Kettle Creek field to date, 


LLL LCL DLL COLCA EE CE Aa LG AOA EAE CC tO tetas ponent eee reheat eee tet 


* Second Pennsylvania Geol, Survey, Vol. G4, p. 30, 1880 


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hire SYadk vo ov set) Red Rees ee ot tenets ‘es eee id otf 


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AIO D oS OEE OAD) ROMS idan eae ‘he KIS KE Seite ke at i wives 
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parumads aid at nogihed haw, isco ey cut ogo mit @eeg  itdd saa 
woh weal gts Lo Rad ot woo nageetees io Sd ted & MOTs CORO BRR es 
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Fig, I. Kettle Creek Gas Field, Leidy Township, Clinton County, 


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LEGEND» 
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KETTLE CREEK WELL SECTIONS 


FIG. 2. 


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LEGEND 
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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2022 with funding from 
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates 


https://archive.org/details/gasinleidytownshOOjohn_0O 


From figure 1 it will be seen that only two wells, No, 11 and 
No, 13, have been drilled close to the axis of the anticline, No.’ 
ll is the best well so far obtained, with a rock pressure in April, 
1923 of close to 700 pounds per square inche The No, 13 well found 
no sand at the producing horizon and hence proved a "duster." All 
the remaining wells, with the exception of No. 3, have been drilled 
on the northwest flank of the anticline, Since the pitch of the 
anticline is to the southwest it is evident that northeast of No, il 
well, gas should be obtained farther down the flanks of the anticline, 
For this reason it is hard to see why, from the standpoint of structure, 
the No, 3 well was not successful, Probably the explanation lies in 
a "tightening" or "pinching out" of the producing sand in that 
Cirectione 


Figure 2 shows the well sections and the correlations made. It 
will be noticed that there is some variation in the intervals between 
the various red beds and sands, etc., but this is no more than would 
be expected. A study of the rocks exposed at the surface shows 4 
Similar variation, It is greatly regretted that the detailed records 
of some of the wells drilled earlier are not available. The No. 5 
well for instance was drilled to a depth of 3418 feet anda good 
record of that well would show the character of much of the Chemung 
formation, 


Just where the Pocono ends and the Catskill begins is a problen 
which the author will not attempt to solve, it being of little 
importance to the present work. Of more importance is the fact that 
the producing sand occurs some 275 feet beneath the lowest red bed of 
the Catskill formation, This position corresponds-‘closely to the 
Clarendon or Queen sand of Warren County, However, it is neither 
claimed nor believed that it is the actual eastward extension of that 
sand, In all probability that sand pinches out before reaching the 
eastward boundary of Warren County. Similarly, the chocolate colored 
sand lying four hundred feet beneath the producing sand, occurs in 
the approximate position of the Bradford sand, although it is not 
believed to be the same identical bed, In the remainder of this 


report the producing sand will be referred to as the Kettle Creek 
sand. 


Figure 2 shows also that No, 13 well is the farthest down 
structure and No, 10 well the farthest up structure, Well No. 6 is 
down the dip of the structure from wells No, 7 and Nos 8, but due to 
a shortening of the interval between the red beds and the Kettle Creek 
sand, the latter is only slightly lower at this point than at well 
No. 7, Structurally both the No. 6 well and the No, 9 well should be 
productive, The fact that they came in dry is probably due to a 
"Sightening" of the Kettle Creek sand at those points, 


Previous drilling and present development. At the time of 
writing (April 25, 1923) eighteen wells have been drilled in the Kettl. 
Creek field, The first well (No. 20) was drilled in 1864 on the Vn. 
Sansom property and obtained gas sufficient for domestic purposes, No 
record remains of the strata penetrated by the drill or of the actual 
quantity of gas obtained, In 1878 a second well (No, 16) was drilled 


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to a depth of nearly 1800 feet and obtained gas sufficient to fire 
one boiler. Gas still escapes from this well although it was at 
least partially plugged and is at the present time nearly filled by 
pebbles and cavingse Several years later another well was drilled 
only 100 feet away, but no more gas was obtained than at the first. 


Some thirty years ago a fourth well (No. 18) was @rilled at the 
junction of Little Sand Run and Drury Run, Little is lkmown of this 
well-now although it is reported to have had a show of gas. <A fifth 
well (No. 19) was drilled in 1911-1912 on the Summerson farm. A 
good show of gas was obtained but the well was abandoned. 


fhe Clinton Natural Gas & Oil Company and its predecessor the 
Williamsport Oil and Gas Co. have drilled thirteen wells to date, 
with a fourteenth well now drilling. These wells are numbered in the 
order of their drilling. The location for a fifteenth well is also 
showne 


The first two wells drilled by the aforementioned company were 
both good producers (combined production of over 600,000 cubic feet 
of gas per day) but at the present time are flooded and now constitute 
& grave menace to the rest of the field, Unless they are cleaned out 
and properly cased, or else plugged, they will in time flood the 
entire field. It is to be hoped that action will be taken in this 
matter at once. 


At the time of writing seven wells are producing gas, five gf 
which (Nos. 7, 8, 10, 11, and 12) are capable of producing a total 
of 4,000,000 cubic feet a day, The rock pressures range from 125 
(No. 7 well) to 700 (No. 11 well) pounds. It is a noticeable fact 
that the pressure is lowest near the older wells (No, 1 and Nog 2) 
Pete is progressively higher with any increase in the distance from 

6Ms 


Future development, The Kettle Creek field has been only partly 
defined as yet, there being plenty of room for enlarging the proven 
or he eae area. What appears to be the most favorable area 
(see fig. I) in the district, namely, the area between Heavener Run, 
Kettle Creek, Turtle Point Run and the axis of the anticline, has 
hardly been touched as yet. There is also plenty of room for expan- 
sion both north and south along the anticline, It is quite probable 
that a production of fifteen million cubic feet of gas a day could 
be developed within a few months by instituting an active drilling 
campaign. As regards the staying quality of the field or its ability 
to keep up production and pressure, the record of wells No. 1 and 
Noe 2 is proof that wells will produce for several years at least, 
The two wells mentioned produced gas for comestic and drilling 
purposes for more than ten years before they were drowned out, ‘The 
sand is too thin, averaging only 10 feet or so in thickness, and lies 
at too shallow a depth to insure wells lasting that long if drawn 
upon heavily, 


Possibility of other productive horizons. knough wells have 
already been drilled to a ieath of 500 feet or more below the present 
productive horizon to prove fairly well the absence of other "pay" 
sands within ordinary drilling depths, This includes all the known 


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producing horizons above the Oriskany. The latter sand if present in 
this district would be at an almost prohibitive depth (about 5,900 
feet). Since the Oriskany is lacking at Lock Haven, it is quite 
likely that it is also lacking here, 


Utilization, As yet no commercial quantities of gas have been 
produced and sold (i.e. gas has been used only for drilling and 
domestic purposes), The chief reason for this is the distance of the 
field from an available market. The nearest town of any importance 
is Renovo, and that is 10 miles distant in an air line. A pipe-line 
of that length would mean a large investment, Reasonable proof of 
the ability of the field to produce gas in sufficient quantities to 


repay the investors must first be forthcoming before embarking on 
such a program, 


wt 


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_—————— 
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